Ampersand Lab

Intermediate grammar · Lesson 93 · B1

Relative clauses 2: clauses with and without who/that/which

Keep who, that or which when it is the subject of the clause; leave it out if you like when it is the object. Prepositions go to the end, and it is everything that, never everything what.

Start the lesson

15Steps · about 25 minutes

In this lesson

Subject: you must keep itA1 screen of questions
Object: you can leave it outB4 screens of questions
Prepositions at the endC2 screens of questions
everything that, all that; whatD2 screens of questions

Point A of 4

Subject: you must keep it

In The woman who lives next door is a midwife, who is the subject of the clause: the woman lives next door. You must keep who, that or which here.

  • The woman who lives next door is a midwife. (or The woman that lives ...)
  • Where's the bread that was in the bin? (or ... the bread which was ...)

Point A · Extra practice

Put in who, that or which. Here you cannot leave it out.

  1. The bloke runs the chip shop knows everyone.

  2. Where's the bread was on the table?

  3. I know a man can juggle with knives.

Point B of 4

Object: you can leave it out

In The woman who I wanted to see was on holiday, who is the object: I wanted to see the woman. Here you may leave who, that or which out.

Never repeat the object: the bag you found, not the bag you found it.

  • The plumber I rang was busy all week.
  • The plumber who I rang was busy all week.
  • Did you ever get the parcel you ordered?
  • The coat Mel bought doesn't fit her very well.
  • Is there anything I can do?
  • the bag you found (not the bag you found it)

Point B · Exercise 93.1 · part 1 of 2

Some of these sentences need who or that. Write OK, or write the corrected sentence.

  1. Example

    The man runs the corner shop is from Kerala.

    The man who runs the corner shop is from Kerala.

    AnswerThe man who runs the corner shop is from Kerala.

  2. Example

    Did you ever get the parcel you ordered?

    OK

    AnswerDid you ever get the parcel you ordered?

  3. The people we met in the pub were very friendly.

  4. The people work in the office are very friendly.

  5. I really get on with the people in my choir.

  6. Where's the book I lent you last month?

Point B · Exercise 93.1 · part 2 of 2

Some of these sentences need who or that. Write OK, or write the corrected sentence.

  1. Who ate the cake was in the fridge?

  2. What's the strangest food you've ever tried?

  3. That's the funniest thing it has ever happened on this show.

Point B · Exercise 93.2 · part 1 of 2

Complete each sentence with a relative clause.

  1. Example

    Your friend ordered a parcel online. You wonder if it arrived.

    Did you ever get the parcel you ordered?

    AnswerDid you ever get the parcel you ordered?

  2. A friend is wearing a jumper. You like it.

    I like the jumper .

  3. A friend is going to the cinema. You want to know what film.

    What's the name of the film ?

  4. You wanted to visit a gallery, but it was shut.

    The gallery was shut.

  5. You invited people to your party. Some couldn't come.

    Some of the people couldn't come.

Point B · Exercise 93.2 · part 2 of 2

Complete each sentence with a relative clause.

  1. Your friend had some work to do. You want to know if she's finished.

    Have you finished the work ?

  2. You hired a van. It broke down after a few miles.

    Unfortunately the van broke down after a few miles.

Point C of 4

Prepositions at the end

In relative clauses, prepositions usually go to the end.

Sam is chatting to a man. Do you recognise him? becomes Do you recognise the man Sam is chatting to?

And again, no extra pronoun: the flat we were living in, not the flat we were living in it.

  • Do you recognise the man Sam is chatting to?
  • The bed I slept in was lumpy. (or The bed that I slept in ...)
  • Are these the gloves you were looking for?
  • The man I sat next to on the coach talked for four hours.

Point C · Exercise 93.3 · part 1 of 2

Put the words in the right order to make a relative clause with a preposition.

  1. Example

    Did you track down the book you were after? (after / you / the book / were)

    AnswerDid you track down the book you were after?

  2. We missed . (we / booked / on / were / the ferry)

  3. What's the name of ? (the pub / about / me / told / you)

  4. Sadly the flat had already gone. (interested / I / in / was)

  5. Did you enjoy ? (you / the gig / to / went)

Point C · Exercise 93.3 · part 2 of 2

Put the words in the right order to make a relative clause with a preposition.

  1. Ask Gary. He's . (to / turn / can / somebody / you)

  2. Who were in the pub last night? (the people / with / were / you)

Point D of 4

everything that, all that; what

We say everything (that) and all ... (that), never everything what.

What on its own means the thing or things that.

  • Everything she promised came true. (not Everything what she promised)
  • I lent him all the cash I had on me. (not all the cash what I had)
  • What she promised came true. (the things that she promised)

Point D · Exercise 93.4 · part 1 of 2

Put in that or what where necessary. If the sentence is already complete, type a dash (-).

  1. Example

    I lent him all the cash - I had on me.

    AnswerI lent him all the cash I had on me.

  2. Example

    Did you hear what they said?

    AnswerDid you hear what they said?

  3. She gives her kids everything they want.

  4. Write down you need from the shop and I'll pick it up.

  5. Why does he always get the credit for everything goes right?

  6. I'm no expert, but I'll explain I know.

Point D · Exercise 93.4 · part 2 of 2

Put in that or what where necessary. If the sentence is already complete, type a dash (-).

  1. I'm no expert, but I'll give you the best advice I can.

  2. I don't agree with you said.

  3. She's such a gossip. I don't repeat anything she tells me.

Lesson 93 · Result

How you did

Next lesson: Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/whereBack to the course

–Right

Each point

A. Subject: you must keep it–Not checkedB. Object: you can leave it out–Not checkedC. Prepositions at the end–Not checkedD. everything that, all that; what–Not checked